Computer Basic Course | Chapter 1:-

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 Introduction: - 

1.    Computer is an electronic data processing device.

Electronic Data:

Images            Audio

Video             iles

2.    Computer is the Combination of different devices which are interconnected with each         other and are used to read data, write data and process data.

3.     Computer is an electronic device which converts data into information.

COMPUTER:

C:        COMMON / COMMONLY 

O:        OPERITING / OPERATED

M:        MACHINE

P:        PURPOSELY / PARTICULARLY

U:        USED FOR

T:        TECHNOLOGICAL / TRADE

E:        EDUCATION

R:        RESEARCH

COMPUTER Full Form: Full Form of Computer is “Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological and Educational Research”. When computers were initially created in the middle of the 20th century, the phrase was first used.


Q: What is is principal of computer?

The central processing unit (CPU), often referred to as the processor, is the principal component of a computer. It's considered the "brain" of the computer and is responsible for executing instructions, managing system resources, and coordinating the activities of other hardware components

Input ---------> Processing ------------ Output, Storage


Part of Computer:

 Every computer comprises 5 basic parts, namely, a motherboard, a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, a random access memory, and a hard disk or solid-state drive

Input device

Processing device

Storage device

Output device 

Users


Input Devices:

1. Keyboard:-

                    1. Alphabets A to Z

                    2. Numbrical 0 to 9

                    3. Special keys : window key, Ctrl, Alt, Numlock, Etc

                    4. Function Keys. F1 to F12

2. Mouse:-

                    Optical Mouse

                    Track Ball Mouse

                    Wireless Mouse

                                1. Left button used to open a program with double click

                                2. Right button, Single click the program properties will be appear

                                3. Scroll button : Page up and page down

                                4. Drag and drop

Scanner, Web Cam, Card Reader, Joystick, Bar code reader, microphone.


Box that has all unit is called system Unit

All parts attached in system unit with motherboard

C.P.U (is the key part of computer and use to process data and present on motherboard)


Software / Hardware

A computer system is divided into two categories: Hardware and Software. Hardware refers to the physical and visible components of the system such as a monitor, CPU, keyboard and mouse. Software, on the other hand, refers to a set of instructions which enable the hardware to perform a specific set of tasks.

C.P.U have two parts.

A typical CPU has a number of components. The first is the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs simple arithmetic and logical operations. Second is the control unit (CU), which manages the various components of the computer.

ALU: Arithmetic Logical Unit

CU: Control Unit


Cache Momery

At its core, cache memory is a form of random access memory (RAM) that stores recently accessed data for quick retrieval. It sits between the main RAM and the CPU, acting as an intermediary for faster data access. As more data is stored in the cache, less time needs to be spent accessing information from RAM.


CMOS :   Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

                CMOS stands for “Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor.” The CMOS battery powers the BIOS firmware in your laptop


Storage Momery:

There are two types of storage device used as secondary storage in computers: HDD and SSD.

Solid state drives (SSD) and hard disk drives (HDD) are data storage devices. SSDs store data in flash memory, while HDDs store data in magnetic disks. SSDs are a newer technology that uses silicon's physical and chemical properties to offer more storage volume, speed, and efficiency.


Partition 

C:    D:     E:


DVD / CD / Blue Ray Disk

The term CD is an acronym for Compact Disk. The term DVD is an acronym for Digital Versatile Disk. It has its metal layer or recording layer closer to the provided disk's top

An optical disc drive (ODD), also called optical drive in a computer allows you to use CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs to listen to music or watch a movie. Most drives also allow you to write data to a disc, so you can create your own music CDs, video DVDs or even create of back-up copy of your important data files.


Smart Media Card:

Mini SD card                 Micro SD Card

Mob & Computer


Out Put : Monitor

CRT     :    Cathode Ray Tube

TFT     :    Thin Film Transistor    

LCD    :     Liquid Crystal Display   

LED    :     Light Emitting Diode

Plasma:    Plasma 

HD TV:    High Definition TV


Printer:

Inkjet Printer                Cartage (Datamatic Printing)

Laser Printer                Toner    Black & White / Color is much Costly

Thermal Printer            Heat Element ATM

Plotter                            Use to make Poster, Pana Flex Etc.


Modem:

MODEM stands for Modulator De-modulator. The purpose of MODEM is to convert digital information to analog signals and to convert analog signals back into digital information.


Type of Computer:

  • Super Computer.
  • Mainframe computer.
  • Mini Computer.
  • Workstation Computer.
  • Personal Computer (PC)
  • Server Computer.
  • Analog Computer.
  • Digital Computer.

Binary System:

The binary system is a way of representing data using 0s and 1s. This system is used by computers to represent all the data it works with. 1011110000011111.


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Desktop: A desktop is a computer display area that represents the kinds of objects found on top of a physical desk, including documents, phone books, telephones


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